Tag: subject-object

  • awareness as modulation of organism and environment

    Here’s Jay Garfield (again) writing about the embedded, embodied, enactive and extended 4E) approach to cognition:

    we can think of awareness as a mode of embedding of the organism in its world, instead of as the relation between an interior subject and an exterior object, even if that is how it appears to us in introspection. To think of awareness in this way is to take seriously the idea that we don’t stand against the world as subjects that detect its properties or agents that act on it, but instead are part of the world, and that awareness is more an attunement to our environment than a recording in our minds of what is going on outside.

    – Jay Garfield, Losing Ourselves: Learning to Live without a Self

    Garfield’s explanation is more complicated when we think about our bodies; that the body easily becomes another object (but this time an interior object) looked at by some other interior subject. This is the linguistic trope (at least in English) that we have a body. But who is the ‘we’ in that phrase that is other to the body?

    In this project, in the movement practice conceived as non dual awareness there is no ‘we’ or ‘I’ as subject. Rather, perhaps we can re-think the nature of the environment as described by Garfield. That is, the environment does not start at the boundary of the skin and that the separation between human as (dancing) organism and the environment is more or less arbitrary. Certainly, the extended part of 4E cognition aligns with such a conceptualisation.

    Perhaps though I’ve missed a vital part of Garfield’s thinking here; that “awareness is more an attunement to our environment”. But attunement by what or who? In the English language (and certainly in the romantic langauges) it’s nigh impossible to avoid subject-object splits.

  • nonduality

    Nonduality “encompasses a unified experience in which the boundaries between self and environment dissolve”.[1] It is when subject and object are unified.

    It is also known as consciousness-as-such [2] and in Asian contemplative traditions it is variously known as pure consciousness, pure awareness, nondual awareness (NDA), rigpa, timeless or choiceless awareness, being-awareness-bliss, the Self, the fourth, Atman-Brahman, Buddha-nature, clear light, Shiva-Shakti, etc .[3]

    Aside from the idea that non dual awareness can co-occur with any content Josipovic and Miskovic write:

    we advance the perspective that consciousness-as-such is first and foremost a type of awareness, that is non-conceptual, non-propositional, and nondual, in other words, non-representational. This awareness is a unique kind, and cannot be reduced to a level of arousal and phenomenal content, or to their mental representations and representational models.[3]

    Nonduality’s relationship to flow states is not at all clear to me. There are certainly degrees of overlap but at this stage my hunch is that they are different in kind, or perhaps that experiences of flow are a subset of nonduality, or provide insight into this open awareness that is equivalent to consciousness.

    References

    [1] Lynch, J.M. and Troy, A.S. (2021) ‘The Role of Nonduality in the Relationship Between Flow States and Well-Being’. Mindfulness 12 (7), 1639–1652

    [2] Metzinger, T. (2019). Minimal phenomenal experience: the ARAS-model theory: steps toward a minimal model of conscious experience as such. MindRxiv, https://www.philosophie.fb05.uni-mainz.de/files/2019/04/MPE_discussion_paper_March_2019.pdf

    [3] Josipovic, Z. and Miskovic, V. (2020) ‘Nondual Awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience’. Frontiers in Psychology 11, 2087